Great Leap Forward

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The Great Leap Forward of the  (PRC) was an economic and social campaign by the  (CPC) from 1958 to 1962. The campaign was led by  and aimed to rapidly transform the country from an  into a  through rapid  and. These policies led to social and economic disaster, but these failures were hidden by widespread exaggeration and deceitful reports. In short order, large internal resources were diverted to use on expensive new industrial operations, which, in turn, failed to produce much, and deprived the agricultural sector of urgently needed resources. A significant result was a drastic decline in food output, which caused millions of deaths in the.

Chief changes in the lives of rural Chinese included the incremental introduction of mandatory. Private farming was prohibited, and those engaged in it were persecuted and labeled. Restrictions on rural people were enforced through public s and social pressure, although people also experienced forced labor. Rural industrialization, officially a priority of the campaign, saw "its development ... aborted by the mistakes of the Great Leap Forward."

It is widely regarded by historians that The Great Leap resulted in tens of millions of deaths. A lower-end estimate is 18 million, while extensive research by Chinese historian Yu Xiguang suggests the death toll from the movement is closer to 56 million. Historian asserts that "coercion, terror, and systematic violence were the foundation of the Great Leap Forward" and it "motivated one of the most deadly mass killings of human history".

The years of the Great Leap Forward saw economic regression, with 1958 through 1962 being one of two periods between 1953 and 1976 in which shrank. Political economist argues, "enormous amounts of investment produced only modest increases in production or none at all. ... In short, the Great Leap was a very expensive disaster."

In subsequent conferences in March 1960 and May 1962, the negative effects of the Great Leap Forward were studied by the CPC, and Mao Zedong was criticized in the party conferences. Moderate Party members like President and  rose to power, and Chairman Mao was marginalized within the party, leading him to initiate the  in 1966 in order to re-consolidate his power.