Charophyta

Charophyta is a group of freshwater, sometimes treated as a , but also as a superdivision, or an unranked clade. The terrestrial plants, the most likely emerged within Charophyta, possibly from terrestrial unicellular charophytes, with the class  as a.

The  is formed by the grouping together of the Embryophyta and the Charophyta. The sister group of the Charophytes are the. In some charophyte groups, such as the or conjugating green algae,  are absent and sexual reproduction does not involve free-swimming flagellate sperm. Flagellate sperm, however, are found in s and, orders of parenchymatous charophytes that are the closest relatives of the land plants, where flagellate sperm are also present in all except the  and. Fossil stoneworts of age that are similar to those of the present day have been described from the  of Scotland.

(Charophyceae) – green algae (part) and land plants
 * – stoneworts and land plants
 * (Charophytae) – stoneworts
 * (Cormophyta; Embryophyta) – land plants (embryophytes)
 * Chlorobionta
 * (stoneworts)
 * (land plants)
 * (liverworts)
 * (mosses)
 * (hornworts)
 * (vascular plants)
 * Non-seed-bearing plants
 * (Fern)
 * Superdivision
 * (land plants)
 * (liverworts)
 * (mosses)
 * (hornworts)
 * (vascular plants)
 * Non-seed-bearing plants
 * (Fern)
 * Superdivision
 * Non-seed-bearing plants
 * (Fern)
 * Superdivision
 * (Fern)
 * Superdivision
 * (Fern)
 * Superdivision
 * Superdivision
 * Superdivision